台积电3nm制程毛利率分析与2026年展望
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基于最新财务数据和行业信息,我为您深入分析台积电3nm制程毛利率表现及2026年展望。
台积电2025年第四季度实现
- 季度营收:337亿美元,环比增长1.9%
- 净利润:163亿美元,同比增长35%
- 每股收益:3.14美元,超出市场预期11%[3]
| 正面因素 | 负面影响 |
|---|---|
| 产能利用率维持高位(满载) | 海外工厂(亚利桑那厂)稀释效应 |
| 良率持续改善 | 2nm制程初期爬坡稀释 |
| 规模效应显现 | 设备折旧增加 |
| AI芯片需求强劲 | 汇率波动不确定性 |
- 2026年Q1毛利率预期:63%-65%(市场预期63%)[4]
- 2026年全年营收增长:约30%
- 资本支出:520-560亿美元,大幅高于2025年的409亿美元
-
AI需求持续强劲:高性能计算(HPC)已占营收55%,英伟达、AMD等AI芯片需求是核心驱动力[2]
-
先进封装(CoWoS)产能扩张:全球CoWoS产能90%来自台积电,供不应求局面将持续[5]
-
产品结构优化:随着AI芯片从5nm向3nm转移,整体均价将继续提升
-
海外工厂稀释效应:管理层预计海外工厂稀释效应在早期阶段为2-3个百分点,后期可能扩大至3-4个百分点[1]
-
2nm制程爬坡:2nm预计在2026年下半年开始量产,将产生2-3个百分点的毛利率稀释[1]
-
汇率不确定性:新台币走势将对美元计价的毛利率产生影响
| 情景 | 2026年毛利率 | 关键假设 |
|---|---|---|
乐观情景 |
64%-65% | AI需求超预期、良率快速提升、汇率有利 |
基准情景 |
62%-63% | 正常爬坡、海内外工厂平衡 |
保守情景 |
59%-61% | 2nm爬坡缓慢、海外稀释超预期 |
基于当前数据,
- Q1已给出63-65%指引:显示管理层对上半年毛利率信心充足
- 下半年面临2nm稀释:2nm量产将拉低全年平均水平
- 长期结构改善:公司已将长期毛利率目标从53%上调至56%,显示管理层对盈利能力持续改善有信心[5]
- 全球最先进制程技术(领先Intel、三星1-2代)
- AI芯片产能垄断地位(CoWoS占比超90%)
- 客户多元化(苹果、英伟达、AMD、博通等)
- AI需求周期波动
- 地缘政治风险
- 竞争对手技术追赶
[0] Seeking Alpha - “TSMC Strong Buy: The AI Supercycle Is Outrunning Chip Supply” (https://seekingalpha.com/article/4860498-tsmc-strong-buy-the-ai-supercycle-is-outrunning-chip-supply)
[1] Insider Monkey - “Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited Q4 2025 Earnings Call Transcript” (https://www.insidermonkey.com/blog/taiwan-semiconductor-manufacturing-company-limited-nysetsm-q4-2025-earnings-call-transcript-1675955/)
[2] 新浪财经 - “台积电:AI界’真大佬’,谁会拒绝?” (https://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/relnews/us/2026-01-15/doc-inhhkwcm7519826.shtml)
[3] Benzinga - “Taiwan Semiconductor Analysts Raise Their Forecasts After Q4 Earnings” (https://www.benzinga.com/analyst-stock-ratings/price-target/26/01/49971047/taiwan-semiconductor-analysts-raise-their-forecasts-after-q4-earnings)
[4] Yahoo Finance - “Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Q4 Earnings Call” (https://finance.yahoo.com/news/taiwan-semiconductor-manufacturing-q4-earnings-080340798.html)
[5] TradingKey - “台积电2025Q4财报即将发布:NT$2000目标价,是梦还是现实?” (https://www.tradingkey.com/zh-hans/analysis/stocks/us-stock/261473992-tsmc-2025q4-earnings-preview-tradingkey)
Insights are generated using AI models and historical data for informational purposes only. They do not constitute investment advice or recommendations. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
About us: Ginlix AI is the AI Investment Copilot powered by real data, bridging advanced AI with professional financial databases to provide verifiable, truth-based answers. Please use the chat box below to ask any financial question.
